Investments and Business

La Paz and the prominence of informal economic activityLa Paz, Bolivia’s administrative capital, is a high-altitude urban center where formal and informal economic activity coexist tightly. The informal economy in Bolivian cities is large by international standards, with urban informality accounting for roughly two-thirds of non-agricultural employment and a notable, though hard-to-measure, share of local output. In La Paz this informal presence shapes how goods and services are priced, how firms compete, and how consumers make choices.How informality changes price formationInformal economic actors shape price dynamics through various channels that diverge from conventional market signals:Lower visible costs and tax avoidance:…

Artificial intelligence investments are no longer judged solely by how much money they save. While automation and efficiency gains remain important, leading organizations evaluate AI return on investment through a broader, more strategic lens. This expanded view reflects how AI reshapes decision-making, customer experiences, innovation capacity, and long-term competitiveness.Why Cost Savings Alone Are InsufficientCost reduction is frequently the simplest metric to quantify, whether through decreased labor hours or reduced error rates. Still, numerous AI initiatives aim to create value rather than merely cut expenses. Looking solely at savings can underplay efforts that enhance growth, bolster resilience, or improve strategic positioning.…

Jamaica demonstrates both the potential and the limitations that influence public-private partnerships (PPPs) throughout small island economies, and in this setting, bankable PPPs capable of drawing long-term commercial financing on viable terms rely on a precise blend of dependable revenue flows, solid legal structures, disciplined procurement, capacity-aligned risk distribution, and focused credit support. This article highlights the practical attributes that make PPPs financially attractive in Jamaica, references local cases, and proposes instruments and institutional setups designed to manage the island-specific challenges of constrained domestic capital markets, climate vulnerability, limited land availability, and sharply seasonal demand.Why bankability matters for small islandsBankability…

Scenario analysis and stress testing serve as analytical approaches that allow investors to gauge how portfolios, assets, or strategies could behave under a variety of future circumstances. Scenario analysis considers multiple plausible paths shaped by shifts in key drivers like economic expansion, inflation dynamics, interest rate movements, or technological transformations. Stress testing, by contrast, concentrates on extreme yet credible scenarios, assessing how investments might respond when confronted with severe market turmoil, financial system breakdowns, or major structural disruptions.Investors increasingly adopt these approaches as today’s investing landscape is defined by volatility, swift shifts, and interlinked sources of risk, making tools built…