Mitchell G. Patton

Benin at a glance: agriculture, livelihoods, and pressure on soilsBenin's economy and social fabric remain closely tied to agriculture. The sector contributes roughly one-quarter of national GDP and employs a majority of the rural population, making it central to poverty reduction, food security, and export earnings. Key crops include cotton (a major cash crop), maize, cassava, yam, cashew, groundnuts, palm oil, millet, and sorghum. Smallholder farms dominate production, typically operating on less than two hectares each.This farming environment confronts escalating strains, including declining soil nutrients, ongoing erosion, shortened fallow cycles, clearing of land for cultivation, and rising climate unpredictability. These…

The 2013 Rana Plaza collapse that killed more than 1,100 people and injured thousands was a watershed moment for Bangladesh’s ready-made garment (RMG) sector. The disaster exposed systemic safety failures and triggered a wave of corporate social responsibility (CSR) interventions, multi-stakeholder agreements, and development programs aimed at making factories safer and creating clearer career pathways for workers. This article reviews the main CSR cases and initiatives, shows concrete workplace safety and upskilling outcomes, and draws lessons for sustaining progress.Key CSR mechanisms introduced after Rana PlazaThe Accord on Fire and Building Safety — an independent, legally binding agreement led by global…